English vocabulary

cantonment n. The part of the town or district in which the troops are quartered. 
capacious adj. Roomy. 
capillary n. A minute vessel having walls composed of a single layer of cells. 
capitulate v. To surrender or stipulate terms. 
caprice n. A whim. 
caption n. A heading, as of a chapter, section, document, etc. 
captious adj. Hypercritical. 
captivate v. To fascinate, as by excellence. eloquence, or beauty. 
carcass n. The dead body of an animal. 
cardiac adj. Pertaining to the heart. 
cardinal adj. Of prime or special importance. 
caret n. A sign (^) placed below a line, indicating where omitted words, etc., should be inserted. 
caricature n. a picture or description in which natural characteristics are exaggerated or distorted. 
carnage n. Massacre. 
carnal adj. Sensual. 
carnivorous adj. Eating or living on flesh. 
carouse v. To drink deeply and in boisterous or jovial manner. 
carrion n. Dead and putrefying flesh. 
cartilage n. An elastic animal tissue of firm consistence. 
cartridge n. A charge for a firearm, or for blasting. 
caste n. The division of society on artificial grounds. 
castigate v. To punish. 
casual adj. Accidental, by chance. 
casualty n. A fatal or serious accident or disaster. 
cataclysm n. Any overwhelming flood of water. 
cataract n. Opacity of the lens of the eye resulting in complete or partial blindness. 
catastrophe n. Any great and sudden misfortune or calamity. 
cathode n. The negative pole or electrode of a galvanic battery. 
compress v. To press together or into smaller space. 
compressible adj. Capable of being pressed into smaller compass. 
compression n. Constraint, as by force or authority. 
comprise v. To consist of. 
compulsion n. Coercion. 
compulsory adj. Forced. 
compunction n. Remorseful feeling. 
compute v. To ascertain by mathematical calculation. 
concede v. To surrender. 
conceit n. Self-flattering opinion. 
conceive v. To form an idea, mental image or thought of. 
concerto n. A musical composition. 
concession n. Anything granted or yielded, or admitted in response to a demand, petition, or claim. 
conciliate v. To obtain the friendship of. 
conciliatory adj. Tending to reconcile. 
conclusive adj. Sufficient to convince or decide. 
concord n. Harmony. 
concordance n. Harmony. 
concur v. To agree. 
concurrence n. Agreement. 
concurrent adj. Occurring or acting together. 
concussion n. A violent shock to some organ by a fall or a sudden blow. 
condensation n. The act or process of making dense or denser. 
condense v. To abridge. 
condescend v. To come down voluntarily to equal terms with inferiors. 
coronation n. The act or ceremony of crowning a monarch. 
coronet n. Inferior crown denoting, according to its form, various degrees of noble rank less than sovereign.
corporal adj. Belonging or relating to the body as opposed to the mind. 
corporate adj. Belonging to a corporation. 
corporeal adj. Of a material nature; physical. 
corps n. A number or body of persons in some way associated or acting together. 
corpse n. A dead body. 
corpulent adj. Obese. 
corpuscle n. A minute particle of matter. 
correlate v. To put in some relation of connection or correspondence. 
correlative adj. Mutually involving or implying one another. 
corrigible adj. Capable of reformation. 
corroborate v. To strengthen, as proof or conviction. 
corroboration n. Confirmation. 
corrode v. To ruin or destroy little by little. 
corrosion n. Gradual decay by crumbling or surface disintegration. 
corrosive n. That which causes gradual decay by crumbling or surface disintegration. 
corruptible adj. Open to bribery. 
corruption n. Loss of purity or integrity. 
cosmetic adj. Pertaining to the art of beautifying, especially the complexion. 
cosmic adj. Pertaining to the universe. 
cosmogony n. A doctrine of creation or of the origin of the universe. 
cosmography n. The science that describes the universe, including astronomy, geography, and geology. 
cosmology n. The general science of the universe. 
cosmopolitan adj. Common to all the world. 
cosmopolitanism n. A cosmopolitan character. 
cosmos n. The world or universe considered as a system, perfect in order and arrangement. 
discolor v. To stain. 
discomfit v. To put to confusion. 
discomfort n. The state of being positively uncomfortable. 
disconnect v. To undo or dissolve the connection or association of. 
disconsolate adj. Grief-stricken. 
discontinuance n. Interruption or intermission. 
discord n. Absence of harmoniousness. 
discountenance v. To look upon with disfavor. 
discover v. To get first sight or knowledge of, as something previously unknown or unperceived. 
discredit v. To injure the reputation of. 
discreet adj. Judicious. 
discrepant adj. Opposite. 
discriminate v. To draw a distinction. 
discursive adj. Passing from one subject to another. 
discussion n. Debate. 
disenfranchise v. To deprive of any right privilege or power 
ecstasy n. Rapturous excitement or exaltation. 
ecstatic adj. Enraptured. 
edible adj. Suitable to be eaten. 
edict n. That which is uttered or proclaimed by authority as a rule of action. 
edify v. To build up, or strengthen, especially in morals or religion. 
editorial n. An article in a periodical written by the editor and published as an official argument. 
educe v. To draw out. 
efface v. To obliterate. 
effect n. A consequence. 
effective adj. Fit for a destined purpose. 
effectual adj. Efficient. 
effeminacy n. Womanishness. 
effeminate adj. Having womanish traits or qualities. 
effervesce v. To bubble up. 
effervescent adj. Giving off bubbles of gas. 
excel v. To be superior or distinguished. 
excellence n. Possession of eminently or unusually good qualities. 
excellency n. A title of honor bestowed upon various high officials. 
excellent adj. Possessing distinguished merit. 
excerpt n. An extract or selection from written or printed matter. 
excess n. That which passes the ordinary, proper, or required limit, measure, or experience. 
excitable adj. Nervously high-strung. 
excitation n. Intensified emotion or action. 
exclamation n. An abrupt or emphatic expression of thought or of feeling. 
exclude v. To shut out purposely or forcibly. 
exclusion n. Non-admission. 
excrescence n. Any unnatural addition, outgrowth, or development. 
excretion n. The getting rid of waste matter. 
excruciate v. To inflict severe pain or agony upon. 

felon n. A criminal or depraved person. 
felonious adj. Showing criminal or evil purpose. 
felony n. One of the highest class of offenses, and punishable with death or imprisonment. 
feminine adj. Characteristic of woman or womankind. 
fernery n. A place in which ferns are grown. 
ferocious adj. Of a wild, fierce, and savage nature. 
ferocity n. Savageness. 
fervent adj. Ardent in feeling. 
fervid adj. Intense. 
fervor n. Ardor or intensity of feeling. 
festal adj. Joyous. 
festive adj. Merry. 
fete n. A festival or feast. 
frankincense n. A gum or resin which on burning yields aromatic fumes. 
frantic adj. Frenzied. 
fraternal adj. Brotherly. 
fraudulence n. Deceitfulness. 
fraudulent adj. Counterfeit. 
fray v. To fret at the edge so as to loosen or break the threads. 
freemason n. A member of an ancient secret fraternity originally confined to skilled artisans. 
freethinker n. One who rejects authority or inspiration in religion. 
free trade n. Commerce unrestricted by tariff or customs. 
frequency n. The comparative number of any kind of occurrences within a given time or space. 
fresco n. The art of painting on a surface of plaster, particularly on walls and ceilings. 
freshness n. The state, quality, or degree of being fresh. 
fretful adj. Disposed to peevishness. 
frightful adj. Apt to induce terror or alarm. 
frigid adj. Lacking warmth. 
frigidarium n. A room kept at a low temperature for preserving fruits, meat, etc. 
frivolity n. A trifling act, thought, saying, or practice. 
frivolous adj. Trivial. 
frizz v. To give a crinkled, fluffy appearance to. 
frizzle v. To cause to crinkle or curl, as the hair. 
frolicsome adj. Prankish. 
frontier n. The part of a nation's territory that abuts upon another country. 
frowzy adj. Slovenly in appearance. 
frugal adj. Economical. 
fruition n. Fulfillment. 
fugacious adj. Fleeting. 
fulcrum n. The support on or against which a lever rests, or the point about which it turns. 
fulminate v. To cause to explode. 
fulsome adj. Offensive from excess of praise or commendation. 
fumigate v. To subject to the action of smoke or fumes, especially for disinfection. 
functionary n. An official. 
fundamental adj. Basal. 
fungible adj. That may be measured, counted, or weighed. 
fungous adj. Spongy. 
fungus n. A plant destitute of chlorophyll, as a mushroom. 
furbish v. To restore brightness or beauty to. 
furlong n. A measure, one-eighth of a mile. 
furlough n. A temporary absence of a soldier or sailor by permission of the commanding officer. 
furrier n. A dealer in or maker of fur goods. 
further adj. More distant or advanced. 
furtherance n. Advancement. 
furtive adj. Stealthy or sly, like the actions of a thief. 
fuse v. To unite or blend as by melting together. 
fusible adj. Capable of being melted by heat. 
futile adj. Of no avail or effect. 
futurist n. A person of expectant temperament. 
gauge n. An instrument for measuring. 
gaiety n. Festivity. 
gaily adv. Merrily. 
gait n. Carriage of the body in going. 
gallant adj. Possessing a brave or chivalrous spirit. 
galore adj. Abundant. 
galvanic adj. Pertaining or relating to electricity produced by chemical action. 
galvanism n. Current electricity, especially that arising from chemical action. 
galvanize v. To imbue with life or animation. 
gamble v. To risk money or other possession on an event, chance, or contingency. 
hanger-on n. A parasite. 
happy-go-lucky adj. Improvident. 
harangue n. A tirade. 
harass v. To trouble with importunities, cares, or annoyances. 
harbinger n. One who or that which foreruns and announces the coming of any person or thing. 
hard-hearted adj. Lacking pity or sympathy. 
hardihood n. Foolish daring. 
harmonious adj. Concordant in sound. 
havoc n. Devastation. 
hawthorn n. A thorny shrub much used in England for hedges. 
hazard n. Risk. 
head first adv. Precipitately, as in diving. 
head foremost adv. Precipitately, as in diving. 
heartrending adj. Very depressing. 
heathenish adj. Irreligious. 
heedless adj. Thoughtless. 
heifer n. A young cow. 
heinous adj. Odiously sinful. 
hemorrhage n. Discharge of blood from a ruptured or wounded blood-vessel. 
hemorrhoids n. pl. Tumors composed of enlarged and thickened blood-vessels, at the lower end of the rectum. 
henchman n. A servile assistant and subordinate. 
henpeck v. To worry or harass by ill temper and petty annoyances. 
heptagon n. A figure having seven sides and seven angles. 
heptarchy n. A group of seven governments. 
herbaceous adj. Having the character of a herb. 
herbarium n. A collection of dried plants scientifically arranged for study. 
herbivorous adj. Feeding on herbs or other vegetable matter, as animals. 
hereditary adj. Passing naturally from parent to child. 
heredity n. Transmission of physical or mental qualities, diseases, etc., from parent to offspring. 
heresy n. An opinion or doctrine subversive of settled beliefs or accepted principles. 
heretic n. One who holds opinions contrary to the recognized standards or tenets of any philosophy. 
heritage n. Birthright. 
hernia n. Protrusion of any internal organ in whole or in part from its normal position. 
hesitancy n. A pausing to consider. 
hesitant adj. Vacillating. 
hesitation n. Vacillation. 
heterodox adj. At variance with any commonly accepted doctrine or opinion. 
heterogeneity n. Unlikeness of constituent parts. 
heterogeneous adj. Consisting of dissimilar elements or ingredients of different kinds. 
heteromorphic adj. Deviating from the normal form or standard type. 
hexangular adj. Having six angles. 
hexapod adj. Having six feet. 
hexagon n. A figure with six angles. 
medley n. A composition of different songs or parts of songs arranged to run as a continuous whole. 
meliorate v. To make better or improve, as in quality or social or physical condition. 
mellifluous adj. Sweetly or smoothly flowing. 
melodious adj. Characterized by a sweet succession of sounds. 
melodrama n. A drama with a romantic story or plot and sensational situation and incidents. 
memento n. A souvenir. 
memorable adj. Noteworthy. 
menace n. A threat. 
menagerie n. A collection of wild animals, especially when kept for exhibition. 
mendacious adj. Untrue. 
mendicant n. A beggar. 
mentality n. Intellectuality. 
mentor n. A wise and faithful teacher, guide, and friend. 
mercantile adj. Conducted or acting on business principles; commercial. 
mercenary adj. Greedy 
merciful adj. Disposed to pity and forgive. 
merciless adj. Cruel. 
meretricious adj. Alluring by false or gaudy show. 
mesmerize v. To hypnotize. 
messieurs n. pl. Gentlemen. 
metal n. An element that forms a base by combining with oxygen, is usually hard, heavy, and lustrous. 
metallurgy n. The art or science of extracting a metal from ores, as by smelting. 
metamorphosis n. A passing from one form or shape into another. 
metaphor n. A figure of speech in which one object is likened to another, by speaking as if the other. 
metaphysical adj. Philosophical. 
neology n. The coining or using of new words or new meanings of words. 
neophyte adj. Having the character of a beginner. 
nestle v. To adjust cozily in snug quarters. 
nestling adj. Recently hatched. 
nettle v. To excite sensations of uneasiness or displeasure in. 
network n. Anything that presents a system of cross- lines. 
neural adj. Pertaining to the nerves or nervous system. 
neurology n. The science of the nervous system. 
neuter adj. Neither masculine nor feminine. 
neutral adj. Belonging to or under control of neither of two contestants. 
nevertheless conj. Notwithstanding. 
Newtonian adj. Of or pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, the English philosopher. 
niggardly adj. Stingy. (no longer acceptable to use) 
nihilist n. An advocate of the doctrine that nothing either exists or can be known. 
nil n. Nothing 
nimble adj. Light and quick in motion or action. 
nit n. The egg of a louse or some other insect. 
nocturnal adj. Of or pertaining to the night. 
noiseless adj. Silent. 
noisome adj. Very offensive, particularly to the sense of smell. 
noisy adj. Clamorous. 
nomad adj. Having no fixed abode. 
nomic adj. Usual or customary. 
nominal adj. Trivial. 
nominate v. To designate as a candidate for any office. 
nomination n. The act or ceremony of naming a man or woman for office. 
nominee n. One who receives a nomination. 
non-existent n. That which does not exist. 
non-resident adj. Not residing within a given jurisdiction. 
nonchalance n. A state of mind indicating lack of interest. 
non-combatant n. One attached to the army or navy, but having duties other than that of fighting. 
nondescript adj. Indescribable. 
nonentity n. A person or thing of little or no account. 
nonpareil n. One who or that which is of unequaled excellence. 
norm n. A model. 
normalcy n. The state of being normal. 
Norman adj. Of or peculiar to Normandy, in northern France. 
nostrum n. Any scheme or recipe of a charlatan character. 
noticeable adj. Perceptible. 
notorious adj. Unfavorably known to the general public. 
novellette n. A short novel. 
novice n. A beginner in any business or occupation. 
nowadays adv. In the present time or age. 
nowhere adv. In no place or state. 
noxious adj. Hurtful. 
nuance n. A slight degree of difference in anything perceptible to the sense of the mind. 
nucleus n. A central point or part about which matter is aggregated. 
nude adj. Naked. 
nugatory adj. Having no power or force. 
nuisance n. That which annoys, vexes, or irritates. 
numeration n. The act or art of reading or naming numbers. 
numerical adj. Of or pertaining to number. 
nunnery n. A convent for nuns. 
nuptial adj. Of or pertaining to marriage, especially to the marriage ceremony. 
nurture n. The process of fostering or promoting growth. 
nutriment n. That which nourishes. 
nutritive adj. Having nutritious properties. 
oaken adj. Made of or from oak. 
oakum n. Hemp-fiber obtained by untwisting and picking out loosely the yarns of old hemp rope. 
obdurate adj. Impassive to feelings of humanity or pity. 
obelisk n. A square shaft with pyramidal top, usually monumental or commemorative. 
obese adj. Exceedingly fat. 
obesity n. Excessive fatness. 
obituary adj. A published notice of a death. 
objective adj. Grasping and representing facts as they are. 
objector n. One who objects, as to a proposition, measure, or ruling. 
obligate v. To hold to the fulfillment of duty. 
obligatory adj. Binding in law or conscience. 
oblique adj. Slanting; said of lines. 
obliterate v. To cause to disappear. 
oblivion n. The state of having passed out of the memory or of being utterly forgotten. 
oblong adj. Longer than broad: applied most commonly to rectangular objects considerably elongated 
obnoxious adj. Detestable. 
obsequies n. Funeral rites. 
obsequious adj. Showing a servile readiness to fall in with the wishes or will of another. 
observance n. A traditional form or customary act. 
observant adj. Quick to notice. 
observatory n. A building designed for systematic astronomical observations. 
obsolescence n. The condition or process of gradually falling into disuse. 
obsolescent adj. Passing out of use, as a word. 
obsolete adj. No longer practiced or accepted. 
obstetrician n. A practitioner of midwifery. 
obstetrics n. The branch of medical science concerned with the treatment and care of women during pregnancy. 
obstinacy n. Stubborn adherence to opinion, arising from conceit or the desire to have one's own way. 
obstreperous adj. Boisterous. 
obstruct v. To fill with impediments so as to prevent passage, either wholly or in part. 
obstruction n. Hindrance. 
obtrude v. To be pushed or to push oneself into undue prominence. 
obtrusive adj. Tending to be pushed or to push oneself into undue prominence. 
obvert v. To turn the front or principal side of (a thing) toward any person or object. 
obviate v. To clear away or provide for, as an objection or difficulty. 
occasion n. An important event or celebration. 
Occident n. The countries lying west of Asia and the Turkish dominions. 
occlude v. To absorb, as a gas by a metal. 
occult adj. Existing but not immediately perceptible. 
occupant n. A tenant in possession of property, as distinguished from the actual owner. 
occurrence n. A happening. 
octagon n. A figure with eight sides and eight angles. 
octave n. A note at this interval above or below any other, considered in relation to that other. 
octavo n. A book, or collection of paper in which the sheets are so folded as to make eight leaves. 
octogenarian adj. A person of between eighty and ninety years. 
pennant n. A small flag. 
pension n. A periodical allowance to an individual on account of past service done by him/her. 
pentagram n. A figure having five points or lobes. 
pentavalent adj. Quinqeuvalent. 
pentad n. The number five. 
pentagon n. A figure, especially, with five angles and five sides. 
pentahedron n. A solid bounded by five plane faces. 
pentameter n. In prosody, a line of verse containing five units or feet. 
pentathlon n. The contest of five associated exercises in the great games and the same contestants. 
penultimate adj. A syllable or member of a series that is last but one. 
penurious adj. Excessively sparing in the use of money. 
penury n. Indigence. 
perambulate v. To walk about. 
perceive v. To have knowledge of, or receive impressions concerning, through the medium of the body senses.
perceptible adj. Cognizable. 
perception n. Knowledge through the senses of the existence and 
puissant adj. Possessing strength. 
pulmonary adj. Pertaining to the lungs. 
punctilious adj. Strictly observant of the rules or forms prescribed by law or custom. 
punctual adj. Observant and exact in points of time. 
pungent adj. Affecting the sense of smell. 
pungency n. The quality of affecting the sense of smell. 
punitive adj. Pertaining to punishment. 
pupilage n. The state or period of being a student. 
purgatory n. An intermediate state where souls are made fit for paradise or heaven by expiatory suffering. 
purl v. To cause to whirl, as in an eddy. 
purloin v. To steal. 
purport n. Intent. 
purveyor n. one who supplies 
pusillanimous adj. Without spirit or bravery. 
putrescent adj. Undergoing decomposition of animal or vegetable matter accompanied by fetid odors. 
pyre n. A heap of combustibles arranged for burning a dead body. 
pyromania n. An insane propensity to set things on fire. 
pyrotechnic adj. Pertaining to fireworks or their manufacture. 
pyx n. A vessel or casket, usually of precious metal, in which the host is preserved. 
quackery n. Charlatanry 
quadrate v. To divide into quarters. 
quadruple v. To multiply by four. 
qualification n. A requisite for an employment, position, right, or privilege. 
qualify v. To endow or furnish with requisite ability, character, knowledge, skill, or possessions. 
qualm n. A fit of nausea. 
quandary n. A puzzling predicament. 
quantity n. Magnitude. 
quarantine n. The enforced isolation of any person or place infected with contagious disease. 
quarrelsome adj. Irascible. 
quarter n. One of four equal parts into which anything is or may be divided. 
referrer n. One who refers. 
referable adj. Ascribable. 
referee n. An umpire. 
refinery n. A place where some crude material, as sugar or petroleum, is purified. 
reflectible adj. Capable of being turned back. 
reflection n. The throwing off or back of light, heat, sound, or any form of energy that travels in waves. 
reflector n. A mirror, as of metal, for reflecting light, heat, or sound in a particular direction. 
reflexible adj. Capable of being reflected. 
reform n. Change for the better. 
reformer n. One who carries out a reform. 
refract v. To bend or turn from a direct course. 
refractory adj. Not amenable to control. 
refragable adj. Capable of being refuted. 
refringency n. Power to refract. 
refringent adj. Having the power to refract. 
refusal n. Denial of what is asked. 
refute v. To prove to be wrong. 
regale v. To give unusual pleasure. 
regalia n. pl. The emblems of royalty. 
regality n. Royalty. 
regenerate v. To reproduce. 
regent n. One who is lawfully deputized to administer the government for the time being in the name of the ruler.
regicide n. The killing of a king or sovereign. 
regime n. Particular conduct or administration of affairs. 
regimen n. A systematized order or course of living with reference to food, clothing and personal habits. 
regiment n. A body of soldiers. 
regnant adj. Exercising royal authority in one's own right. 
regress v. To return to a former place or condition. 
regretful adj. Feeling, expressive of, or full of regret. 
rehabilitate v. To restore to a former status, capacity, right rank, or privilege. 
reign v. To hold and exercise sovereign power. 
reimburse v. To pay back as an equivalent of what has been expended. 
rein n. A step attached to the bit for controlling a horse or other draft-animal. 
reinstate v. To restore to a former state, station, or authority. 
reiterate v. To say or do again and again. 
rejoin v. To reunite after separation. 

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